These developments also put the alliance between the USA and Canada within NATO to the test. Although both countries have been closely cooperating in the North American air defense system NORAD since the Cold War, Canada now wants to invest significantly more in its own security. Over the next five years, about 81.8 billion Canadian dollars are to flow into defense – a large part of it into the Arctic.
At the same time, Canada is orienting its foreign and security policy more towards Europe. Joining the "ReArm Europe" initiative and expanding new trade relationships are intended to reduce dependence on the USA. Trump's tariffs had recently weighed heavily on Canadian exports and slowed economic growth.
Reducing dependence as a lesson
For many in Canada, the US claims on Greenland are a clear signal: The close economic and military dependence on the former main ally must be reduced. Ottawa is therefore increasingly relying on new partnerships in Europe and the Indo-Pacific – as protection against political and economic pressure from Washington.